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location: ReverserFading

MICrODEC: Stock Functions

Reverser with Fading

This function implements a reverser, so all input sounds are played backwards. It takes mono data in on the left channel, and presents mono data out on both the left and right channels. The pot (MOD1) controls the buffer size.

A reverser is created by playing all the samples in reverse order. Unfortunately, you end up hitting the beginning of your buffer at some point, and need to start over again. This creates an audible click in the sample playback. To eliminate this click, we use the fading method. This involves having two samples playing back simultaneously, each from a different point in the buffer (spaced a half-buffer's distance from each other). As one sample gets closer to the boundary, its volume is faded down, and the other is faded up. This continues as each sample moves forward in the buffer, with the volume of the sample being determined by its distance from the buffer boundary. This gives very smooth transitions across the buffer boundary, but also has a slight reverb effect, as multiple delayed signals are being mixed together.

The pot (MOD1) varies the buffer size used for sample playback, from 6ms to 1.5s. Smaller buffer sizes give a more subtle effect, as you are playing through only very small samples at a time, but has the advantage of not having much of a delay. If the buffer is too small, you begin to hear the rate at which you are moving through the buffer, almost like a slight tremolo. For large buffer sizes, the samples sound more like reversed audio, but the delay becomes larger as well.

reverser_fading.asm


   1 ; program: reverser-16b-pot-fading.asm
   2 ; UID = 000036 - this is a unique id so variables dont conflict
   3 ; 16b address space (1.5s sample time)
   4 ; mono data in on left channel, mono data out on left and right
   5 ; pot (MOD1) controlled buffer size
   6 
   7 ; program overview
   8 ;
   9 ; data is sent out and taken in from the codec.  data is taken in on the
  10 ; left channel, and played out on both left and right.  a buffer of the
  11 ; past n seconds is kept and the output is the result of sampling this
  12 ; buffer in reverse.  this buffer size is determined by the pot (MOD1) value,
  13 ; which is multiplied up to a 16b value.  the buffer size is adjusted at a
  14 ; rate of 2 lsb per sample period, until it matches to what the pot says
  15 ; it should be. two samples are taken and averaged together by the
  16 ; ratio of their distances to the buffer boundary.  they are 180 degrees
  17 ; out of phase, so as one sample is crossing the buffer boundary, it is
  18 ; silent, and the other plays full volume.  this helps reduce the clicks
  19 ; at buffer boundary transitions.  it also creates a reverb sound.
  20 
  21 ; constant definitions
  22 ;
  23 .equ buffer_min_000036 = $0200 ; minimum sample buffer size
  24 
  25 ; register usage - may be redefined in other sections
  26 ;
  27 ; r0  multiply result lsb
  28 ; r1  multiply result msb
  29 ; r2  sample 2 lsb
  30 ; r3  sample 2 msb
  31 ; r4  left/right lsb out / sample 1 lsb
  32 ; r5  left/right msb out / sample 1 msb
  33 ; r6  left lsb in
  34 ; r7  left msb in
  35 ; r8  
  36 ; r9  adc msb accumulator
  37 ; r10 adc fractional byte accumulator
  38 ; r11 adc lsb accumulator
  39 ; r12 desired buffer size lsb
  40 ; r13 desired buffer size msb
  41 ; r14 
  42 ; r15 switch/adc counter
  43 ; r16 temporary swap register
  44 ; r17 temporary swap register
  45 ; r18 multiplicand lsb
  46 ; r19 multiplicand msb
  47 ; r20 multiplicand lsb
  48 ; r21 multiplicand msb
  49 ; r22 null register
  50 ; r23 
  51 ; r24 write address lsb
  52 ; r25 write address msb
  53 ; r26 buffer length lsb
  54 ; r27 buffer length msb
  55 ; r28 read address lsb
  56 ; r29 read address msb
  57 ; r30 jump location for interrupt lsb
  58 ; r31 jump location for interrupt msb
  59 ; t
  60 
  61 ; program starts here first time
  62 ; initialze z pointer for correct jump
  63 ; this assumes a less than 256 word jump
  64 ldi r30,$21 ; set jump location to program start
  65 clr r24 ; clear write register
  66 clr r25
  67 ldi r22,$00 ; setup write address high byte
  68 clr r18 ; setup r18 as null register for carry addition and ddr setting
  69 ldi r17,$ff ; setup r17 for ddr setting
  70 
  71 clear_000036: ; clear delay buffer
  72 ; eliminates static when first switching to the delay setting
  73 
  74 adiw r25:r24,$01 ; increment write register
  75 adc r22,r18 ; increment write third byte
  76 cpi r22,$01 ; check if 16b memory space has been cleared
  77 breq cleardone_000036 ; continue until end of buffer reached
  78 out portd,r24 ; set address
  79 sts porth,r25
  80 out portg,r22 ; pull ce low,we low,and set high bits of address
  81 out ddra,r17 ; set porta as output for data write
  82 out ddrc,r17 ; set portc as output for data write
  83 out porta,r18 ; set data
  84 out portc,r18 ; r18 is cleared above
  85 sbi portg,portg2 ; pull we high to write
  86 out ddra,r18 ; set porta as input for data lines
  87 out ddrc,r18 ; set portc as input for data lines
  88 rjmp clear_000036 ; continue clearing
  89 
  90 cleardone_000036: ; reset registers
  91 
  92 ldi r24,$00 ; initialize write register
  93 ldi r25,$00
  94 ldi r22,$00 ; setup write address high byte
  95 ldi r28,$00 ; set read address to minimum delay
  96 ldi r29,$fd
  97 clr r4 ; initialize data output registers
  98 clr r5
  99 ldi r26,$00 ; initialize buffer size
 100 ldi r27,$06
 101 movw r13:r12,r27:r26
 102 reti ; finish with initialization and wait for next interrupt
 103 
 104 ; program begins here
 105 ; initiate data transfer to codec
 106 sbi portb,portb0 ; toggle slave select pin
 107 out spdr,r5 ; send out left channel msb
 108 cbi portb,portb0
 109 
 110 ;increment write address
 111 adiw r25:r24,$01 ; increment write address
 112 cp r24,r26 ; check if at end of buffer
 113 cpc r25,r27
 114 brlo wait1_000036 ; do nothing if not at end of buffer
 115 clr r24 ; reset buffer to bottom
 116 clr r25
 117 
 118 wait1_000036: ; check if byte has been sent
 119 
 120 in r17,spsr
 121 sbrs r17,spif
 122 rjmp wait1_000036
 123 in r7,spdr ; recieve in left channel msb
 124 out spdr,r4 ; send out left channel lsb
 125 
 126 ;decrement read address (for going in reverse)
 127 sbiw r29:r28,$01
 128 brcc wait2_000036 ; do nothing if not at end of buffer
 129 movw r29:r28,r27:r26 ; reset to top of buffer
 130 sbiw r29:r28,$01 ; reset to top of buffer
 131 
 132 wait2_000036: ; check if byte has been sent
 133 
 134 in r17,spsr
 135 sbrs r17,spif
 136 rjmp wait2_000036
 137 in r6,spdr ; recieve in left channel lsb
 138 out spdr,r5 ; send out right channel msb
 139 
 140 ;write left channel data to sram
 141 out portd,r24 ; set address
 142 sts porth,r25
 143 out portg,r22 ; pull ce low,we low,and set high bits of address
 144 ldi r17,$ff
 145 out ddra,r17 ; set porta as output for data write
 146 out ddrc,r17 ; set portc as output for data write
 147 out porta,r6 ; set data
 148 out portc,r7
 149 sbi portg,portg2 ; pull we high to write
 150 out ddra,r22 ; set porta as input for data lines
 151 out ddrc,r22 ; set portc as input for data lines
 152 
 153 wait3_000036: ; check if byte has been sent
 154 
 155 in r17,spsr
 156 sbrs r17,spif
 157 rjmp wait3_000036
 158 in r17,spdr ; recieve in right channel msb
 159 out spdr,r4 ; send out right channel lsb
 160 
 161 ;get sample 1 from sram
 162 out portd,r28 ; set address
 163 sts porth,r29
 164 nop ; wait required 2 cycle setup time
 165 nop
 166 in r4,pina ; get data
 167 in r5,pinc ; get data
 168 
 169 wait4_000036: ; check if byte has been sent
 170 
 171 in r17,spsr
 172 sbrs r17,spif
 173 rjmp wait4_000036
 174 in r17,spdr ; recieve in right channel lsb
 175 
 176 ;get sample 2 from other side of buffer
 177 movw r17:r16,r29:r28 ; move current position to temporary register
 178 movw r7:r6,r27:r26 ; move buffer size to temporary register
 179 lsr r7 ; divide buffer size by 2
 180 ror r6
 181 cp r16,r6 ; check if in lower or upper half of buffer
 182 cpc r17,r7
 183 brsh buffer_flip_000036 ; subtract half buffer if in upper half
 184 add r16,r6 ; add half buffer size if in lower half
 185 adc r17,r7
 186 rjmp getsample2_000036 ; continue
 187 
 188 buffer_flip_000036: ; adjust to opposite side of memory
 189 
 190 sub r16,r6 ; subtract half buffer size if in upper half
 191 sbc r17,r7
 192 
 193 getsample2_000036: ;get left channel sample 3 data from sram
 194 
 195 out portd,r16 ; set address
 196 sts porth,r17
 197 nop ; wait 2 cycle setup time
 198 nop
 199 in r2,pina ; get data
 200 in r3,pinc ; get data
 201 
 202 ;get distance to boundary
 203 movw r17:r16,r29:r28 ; move read address to temporary register
 204 sub r16,r24 ; find distance to loop boundary
 205 sbc r17,r25
 206 brcc half_000036 ; check if result is negative
 207 neg r16 ; invert distance if negative
 208 adc r17,r22 ; r22 is cleared above
 209 neg r17
 210 
 211 half_000036: ; check if result is greater than half the buffer size
 212 
 213 movw r7:r6,r27:r26 ; move buffer size to temporary register
 214 lsr r7 ; divide buffer size by 2
 215 ror r6
 216 cp r16,r6 ; check if result is greater than half the buffer size
 217 cpc r17,r7
 218 brlo scale_000036 ; skip flip if not
 219 sub r16,r26 ; flip result around boundary
 220 sbc r17,r27
 221 neg r16 ; invert distance
 222 adc r17,r22 ; r22 is cleared above
 223 neg r17
 224 
 225 scale_000036: ; scale distance to match buffer size - 50% accurate
 226 
 227 movw r7:r6,r27:r26 ; move buffer size to temporary register
 228 sbrc r7,$07 ; check if msb of buffer size is set
 229 rjmp attenuate_000036 ; attenuate signal if 16b value
 230 
 231 shift_000036: ; shift buffer size till it occupies full 16b
 232 
 233 lsl r6 ; multiply buffer size by 2
 234 rol r7
 235 lsl r16 ; multiply distance by 2
 236 rol r17
 237 sbrs r7,$07 ; check if msb of buffer size is set
 238 rjmp shift_000036 ; keep checking if not set
 239 
 240 attenuate_000036: ; multiply sample 1 by distance
 241 
 242 lsl r16 ; multiply distance by 2 since max value is 1/2 buffer size
 243 rol r17
 244 sub r6,r16 ; find complementary distance of sample 2
 245 sbc r7,r17
 246 movw r21:r20,r7:r6 ; move distance to signed multiply register
 247 movw r19:r18,r5:r4 ; move value to signed multiply register
 248 mulsu r19,r17 ; (signed)ah * bh
 249 movw r5:r4,r1:r0
 250 mul     r18,r16 ; al * bl
 251 movw r7:r6,r1:r0
 252 mulsu r19,r16 ; (signed)ah * bl
 253 sbc     r5,r22 ; r22 is cleared above
 254 add     r7,r0
 255 adc     r4,r1
 256 adc     r5,r22
 257 mul r17,r18 ; bh * al
 258 add     r7,r0
 259 adc     r4,r1
 260 adc     r5,r22
 261 
 262 ;multiply and accumulate opposing sample with result from above
 263 movw r19:r18,r3:r2 ; move value to signed multiply register
 264 mulsu r19,r21 ; (signed)ah * bh
 265 add     r4,r0
 266 adc     r5,r1
 267 mul     r18,r20 ; al * bl
 268 add     r6,r0
 269 adc     r7,r1
 270 adc     r4,r22
 271 adc     r5,r22
 272 mulsu r19,r20 ; (signed)ah * bl
 273 sbc     r5,r22
 274 add     r7,r0
 275 adc     r4,r1
 276 adc     r5,r22
 277 mul r21,r18 ; bh * al
 278 add     r7,r0
 279 adc     r4,r1
 280 adc     r5,r22
 281 
 282 ;check if buffer size is correct
 283 cp r26,r12 ; compare current delay to desired delay
 284 cpc r27,r13
 285 brlo upcount_000036 ; increment if smaller than
 286 breq adcsample_000036 ; do nothing if they are same size
 287 sbiw r27:r26,$02 ; decrement buffer size
 288 rjmp adcsample_000036 ; finish off
 289 
 290 upcount_000036: ; increment buffer size register
 291 
 292 adiw r27:r26,$02 ; increment buffer size
 293 
 294 adcsample_000036: ; get loop setting
 295 
 296 lds r17,adcsra ; get adc control register
 297 sbrs r17,adif ; check if adc conversion is complete
 298 rjmp done_000036 ; skip adc sampling
 299 lds r16,adcl ; get low byte adc value
 300 lds r17,adch ; get high byte adc value
 301 add r10,r16
 302 adc r11,r17 ; accumulate adc samples
 303 adc r9,r22 ; accumulate adc samples - r22 is cleared above
 304 ldi r17,$f7
 305 sts adcsra,r17 ; clear interrupt flag
 306 dec r15 ; countdown adc sample clock
 307 brne done_000036 ; move adc value to loop setting after 256 samples
 308 lsr r9 ; divide accumulated value by 4
 309 ror r11
 310 ror r10
 311 lsr r9
 312 ror r11
 313 ror r10
 314 ldi r16,low(buffer_min_000036) ; load minimum buffer size
 315 ldi r17,high(buffer_min_000036)
 316 cp r10,r16 ; check if less than minimum
 317 cpc r11,r17
 318 brsh compare_000036 ; compare to previous value if above min
 319 movw r11:r10,r17:r16 ; set buffer size to minimum
 320 
 321 compare_000036: ; compare to previous value
 322 
 323 movw r17:r16,r13:r12 ; make a copy of current loop time for comparison
 324 sub r16,r10 ; find difference between current loop time and last loop time
 325 sbc r17,r11
 326 brcc deadband_000036 ; see if difference is large enough to indicate a change
 327 neg r16 ; invert difference if negative
 328 adc r17,r22 ; r22 is cleared above
 329 neg r17
 330 
 331 deadband_000036: ; see if pot has moved or if its just noise
 332 
 333 cpi r16,$40 ; see if difference is greater than 1 lsb
 334 cpc r17,r22 ; r22 is cleared above
 335 brlo nochange_000036 ; dont update loop time if difference is not large enough
 336 ldi r16,$fe ; make sure buffer size is even
 337 and r10,r16
 338 movw r13:r12,r11:r10 ; move adc value to loop time register
 339 
 340 nochange_000036: ; clear accumulation registers
 341 
 342 clr r10 ; empty accumulation registers
 343 clr r11
 344 clr r9
 345 
 346 ;check rotary switch state
 347 lds r16,pinj ; get switch data
 348 andi r16,$78 ; mask off rotary switch
 349 lsr r16 ; adjust switch position to program memory location
 350 lsr r16
 351 ldi r17,$02
 352 add r16,r17
 353 cpse r16,r31 ; check if location has changed
 354 clr r30 ; reset jump register to intial state
 355 mov r31,r16
 356 
 357 done_000036:
 358 
 359 reti ; return to waiting
 360 

ReverserFading (last edited 2010-08-21 02:06:09 by guest)